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It is recognised by valuers that the effects of coal mining on land in Great Britain can have a significant impact oon the value of a particular site when it is being considered for potential surface development purposes. In this respect a great many buildings are erected successfully each year within mining areas after the effects of mining have been taken into account. If, however, the adverse effects of mining are not recognised and during the site development stage a problem suddenly appears, it is obvious that this may lead to considerable increases in cost and/or delay to the proposed development for which the land was originally purchased. Obviously with sufficient prior appreciation and investigation of the mining position such situations could be avoided. It is with this in mind that the following paper aims to indicate in broad outline, but in such detail relevant to the valuer, some of the major influences of coal mining which require to be recognised and equated in monetary terms when assessing potential site values for development purposes in mining areas.

In this information era, innovation is among the most important factors for an organization to increase its performance. In this chapter, it is explored how to improve the business innovation in organizations effectively by using suitable management strategies in an emerging economy selected as Turkey. Among many strategies set and implemented for the ease of innovation, in this chapter, it is revealed that some have more direct and efficient effects. Among these strategies and practices there exist, strategic and innovative human resource management, goal setting for innovation, supporting employee creativity, empowering employees for innovation, developing effective organizational communication, leading for innovation, building an innovative organizational culture and establishing teams for innovation. These practices are derived from the selected Borsa Istanbul (BIST) Companies in Turkey. Strategies of five companies which are indexed in BIST30 and BIST Sustainability Index, and additionally, which are all candidates of innovation leader in their sector, were taken as examples reflecting the innovative atmosphere in Turkey.

This paper aims to introduce the concepts and key issues surrounding the development of personalised learning environments.

This is a distillation of core research material gathered from a detailed literature review covering the concepts and issues surrounding the development of personalised learning environments (PLE).

This paper finds that most e‐learning applications are rather static and represent a generic approach to tutoring. Therefore, by default, they do not fully embrace learners' needs (i.e. learning styles). This paper also highlights key issues of incorporating learning styles into a PLE; and, has identified a “roadmap” for shaping and identifying the rubrics for further work in this field.

This paper is a very useful source in developing a PLE incorporating learning styles for learners.

Innovation is an engine that drives the organization and allows it to outcompete in the economic environment. This paper aims to analyze scientific publications between 1980 and January 2021 concerning innovation indicators at organizational and individual levels. The study identifies 11 unique indicators to evaluate innovation, thus enhancing existing knowledge in the domain.

A total of 175 randomly selected journal articles were systematically analyzed.

While innovation has received significant attention in the commercial sector, the focus on the construct in academic research has remained relatively narrow. The analysis offers a comprehensive view of innovation drivers at an organizational and individual level.

The literature review offers a deeper understanding of the indicators of innovation impacting organizational performance.

The analysis and methodology discussed aim to assist managers, researchers and policymakers in comprehending the various innovation indicators; such understanding may enhance individual and organizational efficiency.